German Short Rows (GSR): Turns Without Holes
The best method for knitting short rows. Forget complicated turns – GSR is simple, fast, and completely without holes.
What is German Short Rows?
German Short Rows (often abbreviated to GSR) is a technique used to add extra height in parts of your knitting. This is called "short rows" because you turn the knitting before you have reached the end of the needle. GSR is known for providing an almost invisible transition where you turn.
Why use GSR?
- Shaping: Used to make the neck higher in the back than in the front.
- Heels: One of the most popular methods for knitting heels on socks.
- Sloped shoulders: Gives a perfect fit on the shoulders.
- No holes: The special "double stitch" closes the hole that would otherwise occur when turning.
How to do it (The Turn)
The secret behind GSR is how you handle the first stitch after you have turned. We call this making a double stitch.
Tutorial: Step-by-step
- Knit to the turn point: Knit the number of stitches the pattern calls for, then turn your work so the other side faces you.
- Make the double stitch: With the yarn in front of the needle, slip the first stitch purlwise.
- Pull back: Pull the yarn firmly up and over the needle towards the back. The stitch below is dragged up over the needle, so it looks like two stitches in one. That is your double stitch.
- Carry on: Work the rest of the row as usual.
- Knit over the double stitch: When you later come back to the double stitch, treat the two strands as one stitch. Insert the needle through both strands at the same time and knit them together.
Important reminder
The most critical point is to tighten enough when you make the double stitch. If you are too careful here, a small hole or a loose stitch might occur in the finished garment. Pull the yarn until you see the two "legs" of the stitch clearly.
See how it's done
Sometimes it's easier to see the technique in action. Here is a good video showing German Short Rows step-by-step:
Video from VeryPink Knits
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between German Short Rows and Wrap and Turn?
Both methods avoid holes when turning, but German Short Rows use a "double stitch" instead of wrapping the yarn around a stitch (wrap and turn). Many knitters find GSR faster and easier to knit over.
Can I use German Short Rows in ribbing or a stitch pattern?
Yes, the technique works regardless of pattern, but you need to remember to knit or purl the double stitch correctly depending on what it should be.
Why do I still see a small hole?
This is usually because you didn't tighten the double stitch enough when you made it. Pull the yarn firmly backwards until the two "legs" of the stitch are clearly visible before continuing to knit.
Can German Short Rows be used in the round?
Yes, the technique works the same in both flat and circular knitting, and is very popular for shaping sock heels in top-down socks.